Daimyo were powerful Japanese magnates, feudal lords who, from the 10th century to the early Meiji period in the middle 19th century, ruled most of Japan from their vast, hereditary land holdings. They were subordinate to the shogun and nominally to the emperor and the kuge. In the term, dai means 'large', and myō stands for myōden, meaning 'private land'.
Daimyo often hired samurai to guard their land, and they paid the samurai in land or food as relatively few could afford to pay samurai in money. The daimyo era ended soon after the Meiji Restoration with the adoption of the prefecture system in 1871.
The term hatamoto originated in the Sengoku period. The term was used for the direct retainers of a lord; as the name suggests, the men who were grouped "around of the flag". Many lords had hatamoto; however, when the Tokugawa clan achieved ascendancy in 1600, its hatamoto system was institutionalized, and it is to that system which is mainly referred to now when using the term.
Samurai is the term commonly used in the West to describe a member of the warrior class in pre-industrial Japan. The term is derived from the Japanese word "さぶらう", which translates as "to serve". In Japan itself, the term bushi is common.
A better view of the individual figures you will find here.
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