Solferino (also known as Solferino and S. Martino) was the decisive battle of the second Italian independence war, in 1859.
Three monarchs were at command of their troops (Napoleon III French Emperor allied with Vittorio Emanuele II Piedmont king, against Franz Joseph Austrian Emperor).
In Solferino (just south the Garda lake in northern Italy) the French and the Austrian army clashed totally by surprise, an incredible failure of both the recognition cavalries. The same in the nearby S. Martino between the Piedmont and the Austrian armies.
It was a very long fight, from 4.30 AM to 20 PM, and the general confusion caused bloody bayonet assaults, with consequent carnage. It was the higher amount of losses since the Napoleonic battles.
At the end the French-Piedmontes were the winners, but the heavy losses shocked the Emperor Napoleon III, leading to the end of the war (Lombardy passed to Piedmont, but Veneto remained Austrian up to 1866).
Solferino battle is also famous because the disaster of the casualties was the starting point for the idea of the Red Cross.
In this diorama a battery of French artillery is shown in re-deployment during the battle, while on the side some infantry soldiers are hit by mortar fire. The miniatures are all masterpieces from Massimo Costa. The whole work took me about 120 hours.